The framing of scientific content and issues of science popularization in Kazakhstani media

Abstract

The aim of this article was to determine how the topic of science is presented in the Kazakhstani media, how scientific news is covered by the media, and how this influences public scientific literacy. The study employed critical discourse analysis, framing, and content analysis. The empirical data consisted of 72 media items published in independent and state-owned online outlets between 2020 and 2025. The study also examined the linguistic devices and narratives used in science news, the scientific depth of the texts, and the balance of perspectives presented.

The analysis revealed that state bodies are the primary source of science-related content. More than 75% of the media texts convey a positive tone. Explanations from the scientists conducting the research or assessments from the broader scientific community appear rarely in the coverage. Information regarding alternative viewpoints and potential risks associated with scientific developments is seldom included. This fosters a one-sided perception of science in Kazakhstan, often confined to narratives of "national pride" and "success."

The study highlights the importance of revising science communication policies within Kazakhstani media. It also underscores the need to strengthen ties between newsrooms and the scientific community and to establish a professional approach to explaining science.