Freedom of speech in the domestic media (based on the concept of "Reporters sans frontières")

Abstract

Freedom of speech is the most important political right of citizens, guaranteed by the Constitution. A person differs in that freedom of speech also allows him to openly publish or remain silent in the press, at meetings and conferences, and categorically refuse to express an opinion. At the same time, freedom of speech is based on international standards and norms and is closely linked to
the diversity of opinions. The most important opportunity to ensure freedom of speech in a democratic society is a free media, which has become a platform for publicity and self-expression. Only thanks to this, citizens can exercise freedom of speech and the right to express their point of view. This article delves into the primary indicators and methodologies used to assess freedom of
speech in the media since 2002, focusing on the current international organization «Reporters sans frontières». The article examines Kazakhstan's ranking in the index over the period since the country gained independence, along with an analysis of the level of censorship and the conceptual frameworks of freedom of speech proposed by domestic scholars. The discussion encompasses the
reasons and consequences behind Kazakhstan's ascent to the 33rd position in the «Reporters sans frontières» in 2022, as well as its subsequent 12th position in the same ranking in 2023. The presented data and facts undergo thorough analysis, revealing the distinctive features of changes in the field of freedom of speech within the country.