Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. JOURNALISM Series

Freedom of speech in the domestic media (based on the concept of "Reporters sans frontières")

2024-04-10T05:56:00+00:00

Freedom of speech is the most important political right of citizens, guaranteed by the Constitution. A person differs in that freedom of speech also allows him to openly publish or remain silent in the press, at meetings and conferences, and categorically refuse to express an opinion. At the same time, freedom of speech is based on international standards and norms and is closely linked to
the diversity of opinions. The most important opportunity to ensure freedom of speech in a democratic society is a free media, which has become a platform for publicity and self-expression. Only thanks to this, citizens can exercise freedom of speech and the right to express their point of view. This article delves into the primary indicators and methodologies used to assess freedom of
speech in the media since 2002, focusing on the current international organization «Reporters sans frontières». The article examines Kazakhstan's ranking in the index over the period since the country gained independence, along with an analysis of the level of censorship and the conceptual frameworks of freedom of speech proposed by domestic scholars. The discussion encompasses the
reasons and consequences behind Kazakhstan's ascent to the 33rd position in the «Reporters sans frontières» in 2022, as well as its subsequent 12th position in the same ranking in 2023. The presented data and facts undergo thorough analysis, revealing the distinctive features of changes in the field of freedom of speech within the country.

The role of international laws and organizations aimed at protecting journalists in armed conflicts

2024-04-10T06:26:35+00:00

The intensity of armed conflicts on the international stage is increasing, posing significant risks to the lives of journalists disseminating information from conflict zones. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of international laws and organizations in ensuring the protection of rights and safety of journalists in armed conflict situations. The study focuses on examining the application and effectiveness of international legal acts, including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, as well as analyzing the activities of major international organizations such as the UN and UNESCO, the Committee to Protect Journalists, and Reporters Without Borders.

The authors highlight the historical essence of the development of international humanitarian law and emphasize its adaptation to modern conditions of warfare, characterized by diversity and ambiguity in conflicts. Special attention is given to the analysis of problems and challenges faced by journalists in conflict zones, and the role of international organizations in protecting their rights and freedoms. The article also presents recommendations for strengthening international and national defense mechanisms, as well as the need to improve informational support and educational programs for journalists working in conflict zones. In the conclusion of the research, the authors underscore the importance of global collaboration for the effective protection of journalists, identifying the necessity for further development and refinement of international regulatory mechanisms in the context of the constantly changing nature of armed conflicts.

Current problems of Kazakh-language content in social networks

2024-04-10T06:40:14+00:00

Social networks have great communication and networking opportunities. Today, every user can create content in a format convenient for him, replenish his page with various photos, videos, notes - author's content. There is an opportunity to create content for a huge audience, authors with an audience of thousands and millions. Their responsibility to the audience is unconditional. This is both the content and the quality of the content. The amount of content in the Kazakh language is growing. However, does he really find his audience? Today, the creators of Kazakh content face such tasks as a creative approach, expansion of distribution channels, efficiency and effectiveness of work. The article presents recommendations for solving the above tasks. The authors note that the development of the ability to create and sell commercial offers by media specialists and content creators is very relevant at the present time. The purpose of this research work is to identify these difficulties and propose solutions based on international experience. Such aspects as broadcasting in the Kazakh language, creation of information, preservation and popularization of cultural heritage are touched upon. This work is relevant for self-earning and attracting advertisers. To achieve these goals, the article used survey and comparison methods. The article analyzes the results of a survey for content producers and for content consumers, and provides examples of barriers to the production of foreign content. The solutions of scientists to improve the content were also proposed. The work can be useful for journalists and content creators.

The Use of Drones in Journalism: Opportunities and Limitations

2024-04-10T06:53:21+00:00

The field of journalism has not been spared from the rapid development of technology. With the development of communication technologies, traditional journalism has been transformed. In the past, news was produced by media and consumed by the masses. However, the advent of drones has led to the emergence of citizen journalism as an alternative source of information in the news gathering process. Considered the «eyes in the air» of journalists, drones are offering new opportunities for both citizen journalists and large media companies. Drones have a great physical advantage in that they can display the area of damage spread in disasters such as fires, earthquakes, floods, the scale of events on battlefields, sporting events and concerts. It also creates conditions for quick access to the journalist's news and informative publication. However, the dangers posed by drone technology in areas such as national security, public health and safety, personal life and public safety, as well as legal and ethical issues, cannot be ignored in addition to expanding the possibilities of journalistic reporting. This article analyzes the new breath and contribution that the use of drones has brought to journalism, as well as its possibilities and limitations.

Ways to solve the problems of information and digital literacy within the framework of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative

2024-04-10T07:08:17+00:00

The objective of this research is to delve into the portrayal of China's national image within the framework of the "The Belt and Road Initiative". This study selects Kazakhstan's media outlet, the reports of "Kazinform" on China spanning from 2018 to 2022 as its subject of investigation, employing quantitative research methodology for a comprehensive examination, including the overall volume of coverage, key themes and content. And our focus is specifically directed towards the distribution patterns and overarching trends of political, economic and cultural themes within the reports. The research findings reveal that "Kazinform" presents a relatively objective and favorable image of China as a nation. In a more detailed context, "Kazinform" accurately reflects China's current state of development across five domains: politics, economics, culture, military affairs and society. Nonetheless, we have also identified instances of negative report. These reports serve to provide us with a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of China's image within Kazakhstan's mainstream online media. Simultaneously, they shed light on the factors underlying the formation of the "Chinese perspective" within the content of reports, thereby facilitating a clearer appreciation of the significance of the "Belt and Road Initiative" within the geopolitical landscape of Central Asia.

Journalistic elements in the monument of writing "Kultegin"

2024-04-10T07:20:13+00:00

The formation and periods of development of the journalistic genre need to be monitored since ancient times. The coexistence of such concepts as society, politics, system, and people is natural from the day they appeared in human consciousness. Through the journalistic genre, facts related to truth and artistic language are transmitted, which can be perceived by society. In particular, since the Turkish people united and established the Turkic Khaganate in the 5th century, modern journalism of nomadic civilizations has also been formed. The journalistic genre occupies a special place in written monuments. The word "Publicus" itself also means "public". It follows that journalism presents to the public the most important and relevant information in society. The early written monuments considered the historical realities of that period, current political events, issues of the kagan, the kaganate. This is evidenced by the marked texts in such Orkhon monuments as "Tonikok", "Kultegin". The monuments of the Orkhon-Yensei script themselves belong to the "ancient Turkic era". The people who were part of the Eastern Turkish Kaganate read and spoke this language, that is, the same language was used in journalistic terms.

Axiological-deontological status of a journalist

2024-04-10T07:32:46+00:00

As the most recent information and communication technologies (ICT) are incorporated into various areas of life, including journalism, new axiological and deontological dilemmas, ethical disputes, and heated discussions have arisen in the media. To maintain a balance between the advancement of technology and the defense of citizens' interests, this calls for thoughtful consideration of the renewal and improvement of professional attitudes, legal norms, and ethical principles of journalism, as well as an analysis of the likely outcomes of the dissemination of knowledge-intensive techniques. The axiological-deontological standing of a journalist might legitimately be regarded as the most crucial component of professionalism with the advent of ICT into media practice.

Axiological-deontological status of a journalist

2024-04-10T09:15:04+00:00

Psychological and communicative impact on the viewer of social and cultural videos on television

2024-04-10T09:21:40+00:00

Currently, media, technology and scientific research allow us to expand and more effectively use communication channels. This, in turn, causes the formation and change of socio-cultural and political concepts in everyday life. This urgent problem required the development of new approaches with an interdisciplinary approach to reconstruct universities and educational institutions. In addition, this problem has led to the emergence of research aimed at studying psychology, sociology, patterns of political behaviour and the influence of the media on the audience. In this context, individuals specializing in the relationship between media and psychology were in demand not only in educational institutions, but also in areas such as politics, architecture, commerce, design and engineering. As a result of the use of media content (both new and traditional), psychology plays an important role. For example, studying the influence of the media, from television to newspapers, from social media channels to billboards, has made it possible to understand new global trends and cultural changes In this context, the main purpose of this research article is to determine theoretical conclusions in the study of psychological aspects in media and communication; to observe the psychological impact of viewers of different ages in media communication; to expand the scope of new approaches and methods in the field of medical psychology. The scientific conclusion of the study involves examining the psychological impact of socio-cultural video presentations on a person through television, identifying the positive or negative impact of socio-cultural manifestations, examining the influence of spiritual and cognitive video presentations and programmes promoting violence, and a comprehensive analysis.

The process of journalistic research development

2024-04-10T09:33:42+00:00

Today it is known that the genre of journalistic research is necessary in socio-political life and plays an important role in the development of domestic journalism. Speaking about journalistic research, it is necessary to consider the situation with freedom of speech in our country from a theoretical and practical point of view, analyzing it in comparison with the general global trend. Lack of journalists specializing in this field, lack of law protecting the rights of journalists. The purpose of the research article is to determine the level and intensity of development of modern domestic journalistic research. Since the genre of journalistic research is very important in the development of an open society and democracy, we set the task to describe the appearance of today's journalistic research. When writing the article, several research papers were highlighted, its history and development features were analyzed, as well as methods of journalistic research abroad. Serving the public, fighting for truth and justice are the main factors of investigative journalism. It is important for the media that journalistic research evokes in them the image of defenders of the values of society, the trust of readers and viewers.

Internet technologies and databases: new opportunities for investigative journal-ism in the mass media of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2024-04-10T09:45:19+00:00

The article discusses new ways of collecting and verifying sources and information used by investigative journalists. The main object of the research is the information and analytical portal «Orda.kz» and the electronic media «ProTenge». An analysis of their activities helps to understand how investigative journalists use large amounts of data to obtain information. Information technology and other digital resources provide journalists with access to online sources and their analysis for investigative journalism. Thanks to digitization, high-profile cases can now be completed in a matter of days instead of months or even years. Journalists are equipped with the latest tools that allow them to analyze big data. The final results of the article confirm that digitalization and access to obtaining and processing information used by investigative journalists make their work much easier and help them solve serious corruption and high-profile cases. The findings of the study show that the use of big data in mass communication helps to accelerate the processes of disclosure of investigative journalism.

Journalistic value of the works of Abai Kunanbayuly and Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly

2024-04-10T10:08:28+00:00

In the era of modernizing national values, reevaluating the legacy of Abai's disciples has become a paramount concern. The direct disciples of Abay Kunanbayuly, benefiting from his tutelage and education, played a crucial role in comprehending the historical, political, and socio-cultural milieu of their time through their discourse. This article scrutinizes the profound influence of Abai's legacy on his disciples, their creative output, leadership, and societal significance. The journalistic legacy, encompassing education, enlightenment, settlement, religion, language, and other pertinent topics, undergoes critical examination and reevaluation from a standpoint of autonomy. By delving into the literary works of poets like Hakim, we propose a systematic categorization of educational-enlightenment journalism, religious-enlightenment journalism, journalism pertaining to earthly matters, artistic journalism, and philosophical journalism, all of which contributed significantly to shaping their respective epochs. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the contributions of Shakherim Kudaibergenuly, who upheld Abai Kunanbayev's legacy as a tradition, endeavoring to explore the poet's ideals in terms of continuity, innovation, and advancement within the contemporary context.

Political journalism of Mustafa Shokai in the magazine «Zhas Turkestan»

2024-04-10T10:29:53+00:00

Mustafa Shokai's contribution to the struggle for the independence of the nation and to the press has been studied by a number of scientists. In 2023, Shokai scholar Abdiuakap Kara translated more than 140 articles by Shokai from French into Kazakh and published them in a separate book. M. Shokai is a person who has weight not only in emigrant journalism, but also in political journalism. Therefore, it is important to study his views on the interests of the nation in journalistic articles and his influence on the formation of public opinion, as well as methods of analyzing the problem. Considering the content and structure of expert articles, genre features, we determine his journalistic creative skills. The topics he raised, such as the study of the volatile nature of the political system, analysis in determining the nature of various social changes, the introduction of leadership ideas in shaping public opinion, can be used in the practice of modern mass media, as well as for the development of professional competence of journalists. The article analyzes several journalistic articles by M. Shocking in the magazine "Zhas Turkistan" from the point of view of the interests of the nation. In addition, the article analyzes all of Mustafa's thoughts about the unification of Turkic brethren, about how people come to the common world and learn.