Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. JOURNALISM Series

Comparative analysis of the evolution of contemporary fact-checking verdicts in the media

A. Ibraiymov, K. Kamzin, А. Slamgazhy — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In contemporary media discourse, the ability to promptly distinguish between reliable and false information has become one of the central challenges of the digital age and the rapid development of the Internet. The proliferation of questionable content in the early 21st century was largely conditioned by the broader accessibility of information and the active participation of non-professional actors in the communication sphere. This article addresses one of the most urgent issues of the transitional period and social reflection – namely, the methods of detecting and analyzing disinformation. The study explores the etymology and essential features of fact-checking as a phenomenon, along with the factors that have determined its emergence as a specific practice within the media environment. It considers a wide range of scholarly perspectives offered by European, American, Russian, and Kazakhstani researchers, identifies concrete forms of false content dissemination, and seeks to uncover the mechanisms underlying its reproduction. It is emphasized that the avalanche-like circulation of similar materials on digital platforms, combined with their multiple interpretations, leads to distortions of the original facts and contributes to the growth of disinformation. Such processes can be regarded as manifestations of both intentional and unintentional falsification of historical reality and event chronology. Drawing upon these observations, the article formulates conclusions regarding the theoretical foundations of “verdicts” in fact-checking practices and their relevance for both academic inquiry and public knowledge. Special attention is devoted to the social and epistemological risks associated with the spread of false information. The concluding section relies on materials from Kazakhstani and Russian digital outlets to compare their approaches and highlight the distinctive features of fact-checking within the dynamics of the contemporary information flow.

The role of visual content in Central Asian media: trends of the digital age

Zh.Е. Sadvakassova, A. Shurentayev, Mehmet Toplu — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the role of visual content in communication processes across Central Asia. In the digital era, the format of information perception is undergoing transformation, with images, infographics, short videos, and social media visuals becoming essential tools of communication. The study analyzes regional media trends, audience demand for visual content, and its correlation with cultural characteristics. Particular attention is given to the impact of modern communication technologies, the visual strategies of brands and organizations, as well as the importance of visual content in enhancing public awareness. The authors emphasize that the development of visual content in Central Asian digital communication functions not only as a means of delivering information but also as a factor in strengthening cultural identity and shaping public opinion.

Ethical Issues in the Digital Space

Zh.S. Ramazanova, B.A. Kaliev, Ye.Ye. Tuite — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

At present, the global network is one of the most powerful and significant information spaces capable of solving global issues. Speaking about its advantages, the Internet is interactive, which allows continuous, real-time dialogue with its user base. This is a major step toward universal globalization, as the Internet enables people from anywhere in the world, across different continents, to communicate with one another. Through the Internet, people from all corners of the world have ample opportunities to exchange experiences and communicate with friends or even complete strangers. However, while social media brings such benefits, it also raises ethical challenges. Social media platforms have access to vast amounts of personal data, and there are growing concerns about how this data is stored, collected, and used. Users must be fully aware of the risks of sharing confidential information. Social media platforms also facilitate the rapid spread of fake news, which can have dangerous and serious consequences. False information, hate speech, and cyberbullying can influence people’s decisions and beliefs. In this article, we will examine the potential issues and challenges that may arise in the media and discuss the need for individuals and society to address them ethically and responsibly.

Coverage of religious news in the Kazakh media: wearing the hijab in schools

Y. Kap, A. Shagatayeva — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research is devoted to the analysis of a highly relevant and timely topic: how the issue of wearing the hijab in state schools of Kazakhstan is reflected in the media. In recent years, the topic of the wearing of hijab at school has repeatedly emerged in society and become the subject of intense social discussions, making this research particularly significant. This study aims to fill a significant gap in the current research landscape. Despite the media's frequent coverage of hijab-related news, opinions, and analyses, the representation of this topic in the media remains largely unexplored. The research will focus on analyzing the portrayal of a religious symbol in the media through content analysis, particularly how media outlets with different funding sources, such as Azattyq and Tengrinews, covered the issue of hijab-wearing in schools from 2017 to 2024. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of the representation of the headscarf in the media makes it possible to identify how not only religious aspects but also broader ideological, cultural, and legal contradictions in society are reflected. The research employed a comprehensive approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative content analyses, as well as the method of critical discourse analysis. These methods were used to systematically select and compare 20 articles published in the media outlets Azattyq and Tengrinews between 2017 and 2024.

The role of media in shaping public opinion on water security in Central Asia

I. Kydyrmoldanova, O. Oshanova — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The main purpose of writing this article is identify the influence of the media on the discussion of water security issues in Central Asian countries. Currently, in these regions, issues of limiting water resources, climate change and bringing the transboundary nature of rivers to the fore have begun to be put on the agenda. In such conditions, the media should become a tool for promoting environmental education, influencing politics and mobilizing civil society. For this reason, based on the method of content analysis and the results of a sociological survey, the main trends in writing the topic of water security in the mass media of Kazakhstan have been identified. This article also shows that the development of environmental journalism and the improvement of media literacy among the population will be a prerequisite for a sustainable solution to water security problems. The practical significance of research work can be called the use of scientific conclusions and data in the course of research, as well as in writing scientific papers and projects on environmental topics.

Copywriting and Rewriting in Digital Media: Professional Differences and Ethical Issues

G.S. Amangeldiyeva, N.M. Abikeyeva, G.K. Yertassova — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines copywriting and rewriting as professional practices in the digital media landscape, emphasizing their functional distinctions, methodological attributes, and ethical considerations. The study examines the historical evolution of copywriting, the transformation of textual production in the context of social media and digital platforms, and the growing role of rewriting in contemporary content markets. Using qualitative analysis, comparative methods, and normative evaluation, the research identifies key distinctions between original authorial writing and text transformation based on existing sources. The findings demonstrate that copywriting functions as a strategic and creative form of persuasive communication, whereas rewriting primarily serves adaptive and technical purposes related to content accessibility and optimization. At the same time, professional rewriting requires a high level of language skill and goes beyond just changing the text. Special attention is given to ethical challenges associated with rewriting practices, including issues of authorship, content duplication, misleading advertising, and the use of artificial intelligence in text generation. The results contribute to clarifying professional boundaries between copywriting and rewriting and emphasize the importance of ethical standards and transparency in digital communication.

Ways to implement interactive learning strategies using journalism, philology, and technical specialities as examples

A. Sailaukyzy, L. Syzdykova, G. Tussupova — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Interactive learning has become a prominent strategy across all sectors of education over the past decade. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, continuously updating and enhancing higher education methods to meet contemporary challenges is vital for preparing qualified specialists who can support societal development. Innovative technologies are now integral to professional education within modern pedagogy; accordingly, new approaches to teacher-student interaction require sustained research and evaluation. In the era of multimedia, interactive, digital and communication technologies, the task of training internationally competitive graduates and improving the quality of the programmes they complete is increasingly urgent. This article examines the essence, aims and characteristics of innovative and interactive teaching methods – both those that evolve from traditional instruction and those that have emerged with digital technologies. It compares effective methods used by students in journalism, philology and technology. Finally, it outlines the requirements and contemporary competencies expected of teachers as they cultivate in students the twenty-first-century attributes most in demand, including critical thinking, production orientation and creativity.

Methods for using neural networks in new media classes

B. Serdali — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to identify the possibilities of using neural networks (hereinafter referred to as neural nets) as an innovative method for creating an interactive educational environment in disciplines taught within the educational programs in the field of "Journalism and Reporting." The article comprehensively examines modern methods of applying neural nets in the process of teaching new media. In particular, attention is paid to the role of neural nets in developing educational content and personalizing the learning process, as well as the opportunities to enhance interaction between the teacher and the student. During the study, by rethinking the traditional lesson structures in journalism faculties, practical approaches to constructing the technological framework of lessons based on the use of neural nets are proposed. These approaches are aimed at developing students’ digital literacy and creative abilities. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the initial formulation of methodological recommendations for designing the technological structure of lessons oriented toward achieving educational goals through the integration of neural nets into the new media learning process. These recommendations are intended to update the content of education in journalism and to enhance the professional competence of future specialists. The research results demonstrated the significant potential of neural nets in the educational process. They are considered as an auxiliary tool for the teacher, as well as an effective digital resource for developing students’ communicative competence and improving "soft skills" such as creativity, critical thinking, and teamwork.

Issues of journalistic ethics in the context of generative artificial intelligence: based on material from Kazakhstan and China

N. Adalihan, A.I. Skripnikova, N.T. Shyngyssova — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Generative AI is entering everyday newsroom work and changing how news is made, shared, and trusted. Tools that draft text, rewrite copy, and help produce multimedia can speed up output, but they also raise ethical problems around verification, attribution, accountability, privacy, and transparency. This study examines how these problems are being translated into journalism ethics education in Kazakhstan and China from 2018 to 2025. Using a comparative thematic review, we analyze publicly available regulations and policy notices, selected media cases, industry, fact-checking materials, and university documents such as program descriptions, syllabuses, and course outlines. The findings show two routes of adaptation. In Kazakhstan, visible cases such as deepfakes and misinformation have pushed gradual, practice-based change in newsroom routines and teaching tasks. In China, change is driven more by formal rules that require disclosure, labeling, basic records, and human review for higher-risk content. In both contexts, ethics education is moving from rule learning to routine building that can be practiced and assessed. The trade-off differs, with unevenness on one side and rigidity on the other. Ethical judgment still matters when automated systems shape what audiences see and trust.

Images and strategies of parasocial communication in Belarusian international television programmes

E.I. Morozowa — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the phenomenon of one-way, yet emotionally engaging communication within the sphere of international broadcasting on Belarusian Soviet television. The objective of the research is to identify the time- tested images and strategies used to construct such multimodal interaction, referred to as parasocial interaction. The study hypothesizes that the artistic image plays a key role in the communication between the senders and recipients of international television programs. A discursive-historical analysis of polymodal television texts at the interconnected levels of representation, composition, and interaction allowed for the identification of communicative strategies for implementing images of antagonistic reality and the Manichean hero. These strategies include culture-determined modeling and modification of metaphors, idiostyle, and the visual-compositional emphasis on the figure of the sender in the frame. The research identifies the subjective position of the implicitly active recipient, constructed through communicative strategies of dialogized monologue, hypophora, and tracking focus. Furthermore, it defines the generative subjective position of both sender and recipient, implemented through modal paraphrasing formulas, stylistically marked vocabulary, reflective thinking strategies, and legitimation through an external opponent. This study contributes to the scientific field of the communicative history of Soviet Union television. The findings can be utilized by television producers to construct communicative interactivity, thereby determining their competitive advantage in the convergent media market.

Diplomacy and Narrative Negotiation in China-Kazakhstan Documentaries

Wang Peng, K. Myssayeva, A. Akynbayeva — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The primary objective of the study is to focus on the documentary films “Hello, Kazakhstan” and “Win-Win” as core cases. The research reveals that these documentaries achieve a symbiotic construction of the national image and transmission of political consensus through three interconnected mechanisms: negotiated perspective selection, nested discourse distribution, and intertextual symbol construction. The significance of this work breaks through the limitations of the traditional "center-periphery" binary framework and constructs a three-dimensional analytical model for power negotiation in the context of multi- agent co-narration. This deepens the elaboration of narrative power theory’s micro- mechanisms in cross-cultural cooperation contexts. The study employs qualitative methods, using these two documentaries as case studies to analyze the China-Central Asia media diplomacy practice. Key findings reveal that, practically, the findings offer transferable strategies for China-Central Asia media diplomacy: (1) Cultural cooperation; (2) Economic narratives; (3) Regional communication to strengthen the foundation of cultural identity. Conclusions drawn from these insights provide a concrete paradigm for balancing national subjectivity and regional cohesion in non- Western cross-cultural communication. The results are valuable for media practices, guiding journalists and media organizations toward responsible coverage of media diplomacy practice patterns from a regional and country-specific perspective, but also offer theoretical reference for understanding innovative paths of cross- cultural narrative in non-Western contexts.

The role of Kazan printing houses in printing books in the Kazakh language at the beginning of the 20th century

N. Kuantayev, A. Khibadullina, Zh.K. Kairatov — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the emergence of Kazakh printed books published in Kazan printing houses in the early 20th century, as well as the potential and challenges of their use. The article's primary objective is to analyze Kazan's contribution to the development of Kazakh spirituality and book printing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the publication of the first books in the Kazakh language, as well as the role of printing houses in the educational field of that period. It also identifies the development of book printing, the content, thematic features, and historical significance of printed materials, and defines their place in Kazakh national culture and education. The research methodology utilizes analysis, data processing, and expert evaluation. The study's significance lies in the analysis of archival documents, periodicals, and scholarly works related to printed books and printing houses in the Kazakh language published in Kazan in the early 20th century. The results of the study demonstrate that the activities of various printing houses, the content of printed materials, and their distribution were determined using a method of source systematization and comparative analysis. The article emphasizes the influence of book printing in Kazan on the formation of Kazakh spirituality.