Tergembay, K., Moldabayev, . K., & Abdrakhmanova, . A. (2026). The role of Kazakh-speaking groups on Facebook in the formation of public opinion: aspects of communication, culture, and political activity. Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. JOURNALISM Series, 154(1), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7174-2026-154-1-163-179